Semaglutide and tirzepatide are synthetic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) that belong to a class of antidiabetic agents called incretin mimetics. Incretins improve glycemia when released into the circulation via the gut. Semaglutide/tirzepatide is indicated as an adjunct to lifestyle modifications for weight loss and chronic weight management in obese (BMI 30 kg/m2 or greater) or overweight adults (BMI 27 kg/m2 or greater) with at least 1 weight-related comorbid condition (e.g., hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia). Various clinical trials have shown that participants treated with GLP-1 RAs lost 5% to 15% of their initial body weight compared to participants taking placebo. According to the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology (AACE/ACE) Obesity Clinical Practice Guidelines, weight loss medications should be offered as chronic treatment along with lifestyle modifications to patients with obesity when the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

In addition to its function as a GLP-1 RA, tirzepatide also acts as an agonist for gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) receptors. It is a gastric inhibitory polypeptide mimic and has 39 amino acids. Functionally, it causes the pancreas to release more insulin, which lowers blood sugar levels. Adiponectin concentrations are similarly raised by tirzepatide. Its dual agonism ability decreases hunger and significantly lowers hyperglycemia compared to GLP-1 RA drugs used alone.

Cyanocobalamin is a vitamin of the B-complex family, commonly known as cobalamins (corrinoids). It is a synthetic form of vitamin B12 that is available as both a prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication. Cyanocobalamin is a vital compound for cell division and growth, hematopoiesis, and nucleoprotein and myelin synthesis. This vitamin also has an important role in protein synthesis, neural metabolism, DNA and RNA production, as well as fat and carbohydrate metabolism.

Niacinamide is another vitamin of the B-complex family. It is a synthetic form of vitamin B3 that is available as both a prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medication. This vitamin plays a important role in stimulating the overall production of cells, improving skin health, and boosting metabolism.